Alcohol is widely used in social and cultural settings, but it can still affect physical health, mental wellbeing, judgement and relationships. Drinking more than intended, relying on alcohol to manage stress, or finding it difficult to cut down may be signs that support is needed.
In the short-term, excessive alcohol intake can impair balance, coordination, memory, impulse control and decision-making. This increases the risk of accidents and injury. Over time, harmful drinking can contribute to liver, heart, neurological and pancreatic disease, as well as an increased risk of several cancers.
Alcohol misuse may also affect work, finances and family life. Stress, trauma and mental-health difficulties can contribute to unhealthy drinking patterns, while alcohol itself may worsen anxiety, low mood and sleep problems.
Some people should avoid alcohol completely, including anyone who is pregnant or planning a pregnancy, people below the legal drinking age, and individuals whose medical conditions or prescribed medicines make alcohol unsafe.
A person who has become physically dependent on alcohol should not stop suddenly without medical guidance. Withdrawal can be serious and may require a supervised detoxification programme. Severe withdrawal symptoms or suspected alcohol poisoning require urgent medical attention.
Treatment is individual and may include medical assessment, psychological therapy, peer-support groups and prescribed medication. A family doctor or local support service can help identify the safest next step.
Medical information notice: This article provides general health information and does not replace an individual medical consultation, diagnosis or treatment.