Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become less dense and more fragile, increasing the likelihood of fractures. It often develops gradually and may not cause symptoms until a fracture occurs.
Risk increases with age and is particularly significant after menopause, although osteoporosis can affect both women and men. Family history, low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, prolonged inactivity, nutritional deficiencies and some medicines or medical conditions may also contribute.
Bone health is supported by a balanced diet containing adequate calcium, vitamin D and protein. Weight-bearing activities such as walking, dancing and stair climbing, together with resistance exercise, can help maintain bone strength and improve balance.
Avoiding smoking, moderating alcohol and reducing the risk of falls are also important. At home, good lighting, secure rugs, supportive footwear and handrails can all help prevent injuries.
A doctor may recommend a bone-density scan for people with significant risk factors or a history of fragility fractures. When osteoporosis is diagnosed, treatment may include lifestyle changes, supplements where appropriate and medication to slow bone loss or reduce fracture risk.
Speak to a healthcare professional before beginning supplements or a new exercise programme, particularly if you have an existing medical condition or have already experienced a fracture.
Medical information notice: This article provides general health information and does not replace an individual medical consultation, diagnosis or treatment.