Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a common hormonal condition that can affect menstrual cycles, ovulation, skin, hair growth, weight and fertility. Symptoms vary considerably, and some people experience only mild changes.
Possible signs include irregular or absent periods, acne, increased facial or body hair, thinning scalp hair, difficulty managing weight and problems becoming pregnant. PCOS is also associated with insulin resistance and may increase the long-term risk of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic conditions.
Diagnosis is based on medical history, symptoms and examination, supported where appropriate by blood tests and pelvic ultrasound. Other conditions that can cause similar symptoms may need to be excluded.
Treatment depends on the person’s symptoms, health history and pregnancy plans. Options may include hormonal contraception, medicines that improve insulin sensitivity, treatments for excess androgen effects, and fertility support when required.
Regular movement, balanced meals, adequate sleep and sustainable weight management can improve metabolic health and may help regulate menstrual cycles. A diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, pulses, lean protein and unsaturated fats can support steadier blood-sugar levels.
PCOS often benefits from coordinated care involving a family doctor, gynaecologist, dietitian or other relevant professional. Anyone with irregular periods, symptoms of excess androgen or fertility concerns should seek an individual assessment rather than relying on dietary or cosmetic measures alone.
Medical information notice: This article provides general health information and does not replace an individual medical consultation, diagnosis or treatment.